Search results for author:"Aruna Chandra"
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Measuring Transactional Distance in Web-Based Learning Environments: An Initial Instrument Development
Xiaoxia Huang; Aruna Chandra; Concetta DePaolo; Jennifer Cribbs; Lakisha Simmons
Open Learning Vol. 30, No. 2 (2015) pp. 106–126
This study was an initial attempt to operationalise Moore's transactional distance theory by developing and validating an instrument measuring the related constructs: dialogue, structure, learner autonomy and transactional distance. Data were...
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Understanding transactional distance in web-based learning environments: An empirical study
Xiaoxia Huang; Aruna Chandra; Concetta A. DePaolo; Lakisha L. Simmons
British Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 47, No. 4 (July 2016) pp. 734–747
Transactional distance is an important pedagogical theory in distance education that calls for more empirical support. The purpose of this study was to verify the theory by operationalizing and examining the relationship of (1) dialogue, structure...