Confusion and complex learning during interactions with computer learning environments

Blair Lehman; Sidney D'Mello; Art Graesser

Internet and Higher Education Vol. 15, No. 3 (June 2012) pp. 184–194

Folk wisdom holds that being confused is detrimental to learning. However, research on emotions and learning suggest a somewhat more complex relationship between confusion and learning outcomes. In fact, it has been proposed that impasses that...

Language: English

The Relationship between Affective States and Dialog Patterns during Interactions with AutoTutor

Sidney D'Mello; Scotty Craig; Amy Witherspoon; Jeremiah Sullins; Bethany McDaniel; Barry Gholson; Art Graesser

World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2005 (October 2005) pp. 2004–2011

In an attempt to discover links between learning and emotions, this study adopted an emote-aloud procedure in which participants were recorded as they verbalized their affective states while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system, AutoTutor....

Inducing and Tracking Confusion with Contradictions during Complex Learning

Blair Lehman; Sidney D'Mello; Amber Strain; Caitlin Mills; Melissa Gross; Allyson Dobbins; Patricia Wallace; Keith Millis; Art Graesser

International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 22, No. 1 (2013) pp. 85–105

Cognitive disequilibrium and its affiliated affective state of confusion have been found to positively correlate with learning, presumably due to the effortful cognitive activities that accompany their experience. Although confusion naturally occurs ...