Integrative Motivation Development:: Key to Increasing ESL Online Learning Effectiveness

Larry Bright; Wen-Chi Vivian Wu

World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2006 (October 2006) pp. 2507–2514

Engaging students in the reasons for studying online is essential for increasing motivation, particularly English as a Second Language (ESL). Gardner's conception of instrumental (concrete outcomes) and integrative (abstract perspectives) has...

Topics: Students, Languages, Classrooms, Learning Outcomes, Integration