Search results for author:"John Black"
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35th Anniversary - SITE 2024 Attendees: if you are looking for papers from this conference, please use this special attendee-only 35th Anniversary - SITE 2024 search
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Effective Planning Strategy in Robotics Education: An Embodied Approach
Woonhee Sung; Jung-Hyun Ahn; Shi Ming Kai; John Black
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2017 (Mar 05, 2017) pp. 1065–1071
To investigate the effectiveness of an instructional strategy for robotics education in an elementary educational setting, this study employed LEGO WeDo as a tool in two types of embodiment conditions, full embodied (FE) vs. low embodied (LE). Each...
Topics: Early Childhood Education, Research & Evaluation, Maker (Formerly Engineering Education)
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Supporting Debugging Skills: Using Embodied Instructions in Children’s Programming Education
Jung-Hyun Ahn; Yaoli Mao; Woonhee Sung; John B. Black
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2017 (Mar 05, 2017) pp. 19–26
This study focuses on the effects of different embodied instructions on young children’s debugging performance and self-efficacy in ScratchJr, a block-based iPad programming language. Students were asked to practice how to detect errors and fix...
Topics: Computational Thinking, Mobile Learning, Teaching and Learning with Emerging Technologies
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Direct manipulation is better than passive viewing for learning anatomy in a three-dimensional virtual reality environment
Susan Jang; Jonathan M. Vitale; Robert W. Jyung; John B. Black
Computers & Education Vol. 106, No. 1 (March 2017) pp. 150–165
With the advancement of virtual reality (VR) technologies, medical students may now study complex anatomical structures in three-dimensional (3-D) virtual environments, without relying solely upon high cost, unsustainable cadavers or animal models....
Language: English
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Inter-Level Scaffolding and Sequences of Representational Activities in Teaching a Chemical System with Graphical Simulations
Na Li; John B. Black
Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 25, No. 5 (2016) pp. 715–730
Chemistry knowledge can be represented at macro-, micro- and symbolic levels, and learning a chemistry topic requires students to engage in multiple representational activities. This study focused on scaffolding for inter-level connection-making in...
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Perceptual Factors and Learning in Digital Environments
Seungoh Paek; Daniel L. Hoffman; John B. Black
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 64, No. 3 (2016) pp. 435–457
The purpose of this study was to examine if student understanding of new material could be promoted by manipulating the perceptual factors experienced at the time of learning. It was hypothesized that the thematic relevance of perceptual factors...
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Integrating intuitive and novel grounded concepts in a dynamic geometry learning environment
Jonathan M. Vitale; Michael I. Swart; John B. Black
Computers & Education Vol. 72, No. 1 (March 2014) pp. 231–248
The development of geometry knowledge requires integration of intuitive and novel concepts. While instruction may take many representational forms we argue that grounding novel information in perception and action systems in the context of...
Language: English
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The Different Benefits from Different Gestures in Understanding a Concept
Seokmin Kang; Gregory L. Hallman; Lisa K. Son; John B. Black
Journal of Science Education and Technology Vol. 22, No. 6 (December 2013) pp. 825–837
Explanations are typically accompanied by hand gestures. While research has shown that gestures can help learners understand a particular concept, different learning effects in different types of gesture have been less understood. To address the...
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Using Touch-Based Input to Promote Student Math Learning in a Multimedia Learning Environment
Seungoh Paek; Daniel L. Hoffman; John B. Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2013 (Jun 24, 2013) pp. 314–323
This paper investigates the impact of touch-based input using a tablet device on students’ math learning. To this end, a virtual manipulative environment was designed to introduce the concept of multiplication by connecting students’ manipulative...
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Bridging the Hemispheres through the Use of Technology: International Collaboration in Social Work Training
John Victor Rautenbach; Christine Black-Hughes
Journal of Social Work Education Vol. 48, No. 4 (December 2012) pp. 797–815
The social work programs of the University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa, and Minnesota State University, Mankato, United States, began using various technologies in 2007 to facilitate interaction. This project included conducting...
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Improving Reading Comprehension Skills Using A Touch-Based Interactive Mobile App
Cameron Fadjo; Benjamin Friedman; John Black; Lettecha Johnson
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 2519–2524
Do interactive haptic reading experiences on a touch-based gestural interface improve reading comprehension skills among emergent readers? In our study 16 second-grade students from two low-resource, high-needs urban public schools participated in...
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Incorporating haptic feedback in simulation for learning physics
Insook Han; John B. Black
Computers & Education Vol. 57, No. 4 (December 2011) pp. 2281–2290
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a haptic augmented simulation in learning physics. The results indicate that haptic augmented simulations, both the force and kinesthetic and the purely kinesthetic simulations, were...
Language: English
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Exposing Gaps in Students’ Mental Model of the Neuron : Comparing traditional neuroscience instruction of the Action Potential to Layered, Iterative Visual External Representations
Satyugjit Virk; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2011 (Oct 18, 2011) pp. 467–473
Students were run in two groups, one consisting of a series of animations depicting neural signal transmission at the cellular and molecular levels using iterative visualizations, where a visualization for every concept appears, or “iterates” at...
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Learning Classic Mechanics with Embodied Cognition
Shih-Chieh Huang; Tanner Vea; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2011 (Oct 18, 2011) pp. 209–215
This paper describes a study on the teaching of classic mechanics as an abstract physics concept to elementary school students using embodied cognition. The embodiment is implemented through Novint Falcon, a 3-D force feedback joystick. Students...
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Learning Abstract Physics System with a 3-D Force Feedback Joystick
Shih-Chieh Huang; Tanner Vea; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2011 (Jun 27, 2011) pp. 1618–1623
This paper describes a study on the teaching of abstract physics systems to elementary school students using Novint Falcon, a 3-D force feedback joystick. Students were asked to learn the law of conservation of energy, an abstract physics system...
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Building Student Understanding and Interest in Science through Embodied Experiences with LEGO Robotics
Carol M. Lu; Seokmin Kang; Shih-Chieh Huang; John B. Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2011 (Jun 27, 2011) pp. 2225–2232
The purpose of this study was to examine whether embodied experiences with LEGO robotics can build elementary school students’ understanding of and interest in science learning. Previous studies have shown that many children do not enjoy learning...
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Effective Designs of the Computer-Assisted Chinese Learning Program for Beginning Learners of Chinese Characters
Ming-Tsan Lu; Gregory Hallman; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2010 (Oct 18, 2010) pp. 218–227
Beginning learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL) have to undergo the processing of Chinese word recognition when they learn Chinese characters. Therefore, effective designs of the computer-assisted Chinese learning program for beginning...
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The Development of Embodied Animations for Chinese Characters
Ming-Tsan Lu; Gregory Hallman; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 3763–3768
The paper describes the development of embodied animations for Chinese character learning. We reviewed previous designs of animations that were used for Chinese character learning. We then propose and develop our new design of embodied animations....
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Evidence for the Use of Embodied Animations in Chinese Character Learning
Ming-Tsan Lu; Gregory Hallman; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 3753–3762
Chinese characters, or Hanji, are nonalphabetic orthography words that are formed and written in a specific logographic format. Although there is this trend of Chinese learning in the U.S., learners of Chinese still show a motivational decline in...
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Using Embodiment with LEGO Robotics to Enhance Physics Understanding in Elementary School Students
Carol Lu; Seokmin Kang; Shih-Chieh Huang; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 2989–2992
Elementary school students were taught to use LEGO NXT Mindstorm, a programmable reconfigurable robot, to observe and learn abstract physics concepts. Students were asked to use instructional embodiment to help programming LEGO robotics in a series...
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Urban Culture and Constructing Video Games
JeeHye Hong; Cameron Fadjo; Chun-Hao Chang; Ellen Geist; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 1334–1337
In this paper we propose that combining urban culture with individual video game artifact creation leads to increased engagement in the instruction of computer programming to primary school students. Recent studies have examined the use of Scratch, ...
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An Embodied Approach to the Instruction of Conditional Logic in Video Game Programming
Cameron L. Fadjo; Chun-Hao Chang; JeeHye Hong; John B. Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 2672–2679
The purpose of this article is to present an embodied instructional approach in the teaching of conditional logic concepts during the programming of an individual video game artifact. We first review current research in embodied cognition and...
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Future Trends in Chinese Character Teaching: Use of Embodiment and Technologies in Classrooms
Ming-Tsan Lu; Chi-Ying Wu; Cameron Fadjo; John Black
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 2485–2492
The purpose of the article is to argue that the future trends of teaching Chinese characters should and will emphasize the use of embodied cognition and computer technologies in classrooms. We first compare the differences between CFL (Chinese as a ...
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Comprehending Emergent Phenomena: Through Direct-Manipulation Animation
Priscilla Aguirre; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 3486–3490
Given the literature has established that students hold robust misconception of emergent systems phenomena, this study investigates the influence of using a direct-manipulation animation (DMA) (Chan & Black, 2006) modeling environment for increasing ...
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Instructional Embodiment and Video Game Programming in an After School Program
Cameron L. Fadjo; Ming-Tsan Lu; John B. Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 4041–4046
Elementary school students were taught how to use Scratch, a programming language, to design and develop their own personal video games. In our study 11 third- and fourth-graders either physically simulated (Direct Embodiment) or imagined (Imagined ...
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Possibilities of Haptic Feedback Simulation for Physics Learning
Greg Hallman; Irina Paley; Insook Han; John B Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 3597–3602
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of force feeback based computer simulation as the mode for instruction on the topic of gears in terms of embodied cognition theory. The goal was to enable for the auditory, visual, and...
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Case Studies of Developing Programming Skills via Embodied Experiences in an After-School LEGO Robotics Program for Elementary School Students
Daoquan Li; Seokmin Kang; Carol Lu; Insook Han; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 2209–2216
This purpose of this study is to explore the role and potential of innovative teaching and learning methods, specifically direct embodiment and surrogate embodiment, in improving students’ understanding of abstract programming concepts. A case...
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Enhance Understanding of Science Concepts with Technology-based Learning Tools (Programming and Hand-held Device) in a Lego Robotics Elementary After-School Classroom
Daoquan Li; Insook Han; Seokmin Kang; Carol Lu; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 2957–2961
The current study was designed to explore the possibilities of applying Icon-based programming and Bluetooth-controlled hand-held device into science learning activities. Through researchers’ observations, we examined whether using hand-held device...
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Surrogate Embodiment, Mathematics Instruction and Video Game Programming
Cameron L. Fadjo; Gregory Hallman Jr.; Ronah Harris; John B. Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2009 (Jun 22, 2009) pp. 2787–2792
Recent discussions on video games and embodiment (Gee, 2008), studies on literacy comprehension augmented by physical and imagined manipulation (Glenberg, 2004), and research using two forms of Instructional Embodiment (Fadjo et al., 2009) have...
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Simulation in a Transparent System
Xin Bai; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2008 (Nov 17, 2008) pp. 1450–1457
Video games have gained much attention in recent years in education due to their ability to engage users. But, in most video games, the knowledge about how the systems work is not exposed for users to reflect upon. This is because, once all the...
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Embodied Cognition and Video Game Programming
Cameron Fadjo; Jiwon Shin; Ming-Shen Lu; Margaret Chan; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2008 (Jun 30, 2008) pp. 5749–5756
Recent research in cognitive psychology and neurophysiology has identified a connection between embodied cognition and computer programming and mathematics instruction. This paper examines the notion of embodied cognition in the context of video...
Topics: Computers, Cognition, Mathematics, Video, Programming
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How System Simulations Improve Student Learning by Assisting in the Creation of Clear Mental Models
Daniel P McVeigh; John Black; Gef Flimlin
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2008 (Mar 03, 2008) pp. 1767–1773
Abstract: Tests were conducted with a fish farm system simulation in combination with other activities in order to measure its effectiveness as an aid in teaching and learning about water chemistry and eco systems. Results support the dual coding...
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Exploring How Agents-based Modeling and Culture Affects Children’s Understanding of Complex Systems
Julie Youm; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2007 (Jun 25, 2007) pp. 3096–3101
It is known that the key to understanding complex systems is to decompose it into smaller, manageable chunks and that the method of decomposition has an effect on the understanding of the system. This study seeks to explore the potential of an...
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How Direct Interaction in a Virtual Reality Program Aids in Developing an Internal Representation of a Complex 3-D Structure
Susan Jang; Robert Jyung; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2007 (Jun 25, 2007) pp. 4214–4218
Understanding how humans perform mental rotations and develop internal representations of 3-D objects began with Shepard & Metzler's seminal study in 1971. With the advancement of new technologies, in particular, virtual reality programs that allow...
Topics: Interaction
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"Look, it's turning!" Factors Affecting Structural and Functional Knowledge Acquistion in an Elementary School Robotics Classroom
Margaret Chan; John Black; In Sook Han; Jonathan Vitale; Qing Xia; Mathangi Subramanian; Minghua Du; Seokmin Kang
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2007 (Jun 25, 2007) pp. 1626–1631
The paper presents a study investigating how novices make transitions in understanding and developing appropriate mental models of robotics systems. In the course of a 9-week, after-school robotics club, 13 third and fourth grade students had the...
Topics: Robotics, Programming, Elementary Education, Students
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When can animation improve learning? Some implications on human computer interaction and learning
Margaret Chan; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2005 (Jun 27, 2005) pp. 933–938
For decades, research comparing the effectiveness of text and static illustrations with animation and narration to enhance learning has been inconclusive (Tversky et al., 2002). We argue that the failure to ascertain the benefits of animation in...
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Object-Oriented Thinking for Mental Model Development
Julie Youm; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2005 (Jun 27, 2005) pp. 3377–3382
Mental models have been researched and explored as a construct for understanding how people think since Kenneth Craik first suggested that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality to reason and anticipate events (Craik, 1943). However,...
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How Animations and Live-Networked Video Links Coupled With Hands-on Building Activities Improve Student Learning By Assisting in the Creation of Clear Mental Models
Daniel P McVeigh; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2005 (Jun 27, 2005) pp. 4436–4442
Abstract: Students viewed animations of a functioning re-circulation fish farm and made live networked video links to a telerobotic fish farm. In the classroom, students received a verbal explanation in parallel with the animations or visual...
Topics: Students
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REAL: Facilitate Thinking in an Object-oriented Way
Xin Bai; Antonios Saravanos; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2005 (Jun 27, 2005) pp. 3383–3387
Our group REAL (REflective Agent Learning environment) attempts to investigate the impact of thinking in an object-oriented way, by developing a novel framework that allows students to model the real world, and thus learn to implicitly represent...
Topics: Students, Learning Objects
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Methodology for analyzing Children’s understanding of computer Interfaces
Kristin Lester; Shuli Gilutz; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2005 (Jun 27, 2005) pp. 1263–1268
Developmental psychology and Human Computer Interaction (HCI) are two vast fields of research, with methodologies that have been widely developed. Standardized tests have been created to determine a child's developmental level and universal...
Topics: Children, Computers, Human Computer Interaction
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REAL: a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System Framework
Xin Bai; John Black
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2005 (2005) pp. 1279–1283
As its name suggested, REflective Agent Learning environment (REAL) is developed to simulate the real problem-solving world as close as possible. REAL is a generic framework for building Intelligent Tutoring Systems that teach with adaptive, real...
Topics: Cognition, Instructional Design, Tutoring, Students
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The Potential for an Object-Oriented Model of Learning
Julie Youm; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2004 (2004) pp. 1583–1586
This study explores the potential for applying Object-oriented programming characteristics as constructivist aids to everyday cognition and learning beyond programming tasks. The theoretical approach in this study was to consider the characteristics ...
Topics: Learning Objects, Curriculum, Programming
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TALE: a Teachable Agent Embedded in an Intelligent Tutoring System
Xin Bai; John Black
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2004 (2004) pp. 1070–1072
A novel web-based intelligent tutoring system called Teachable Agent Learning Environment (TALE) will be demonstrated. The goal of this research is the development of a teachable agent, situated in a multi-agent based educational gaming environment. ...
Topics: Students, Virtual Environments, Cognition
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Are We Ready for Another Change? Digital Signatures Can Change How We Handle the Academic Record
Thomas C. Black; John Mohr
College and University Vol. 80, No. 1 (2004) pp. 55–57
In this electronic age, where information is digital and service is virtual, the registrar profession is changing rapidly to keep up with increasing standards and expectations. EDI and now XML standards enable system-to-system exchanges of academic...
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The Miniguide: A New Electronic Travel Device
Jeremy Hill; John Black
Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness Vol. 97, No. 10 (2003) pp. 1–6
This article describes the Miniguide, a new electronic travel device that assists people in moving about in a range of environments. The Miniguide is held in the palm and is used to scan left to right when walking. It provides vibratory feedback to...
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Teaching How to Solve Proportion Word Problems Using a Multiple Linked Representational Software System
Andrew Malinow; John Black
EdMedia: World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2003 (2003) pp. 2725–2732
Abstract: The pilot study reported on in this paper investigates the efficacy of a Multiple Linked Representational System (MLR) system designed to teach middle school learning disabled students how to solve proportion word problems. The MLR system ...
Topics: Middle School Education
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Learning Activities Collaborative
Alyse Hachey; John Black; Doris Zahner
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2002 (2002) pp. 2136–2138
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Cognitive Flexibility Theory in the development of learning activities for use in online course in the domain of cognitive psychology. Cognitive Flexibility Theory emphasizes the flexible ...
Topics: Cognition
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Computer-based Tools for the Development and Investigation of Mental Model Reasoning about Causal Systems
Danielle Kaplan; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 879–881
We live in a world of complex relationships, united by a myriad of connections, existing in continuous granularities and multiple dimensions. Discovering truths in this complexity requires an ability to decipher causality amidst endless...
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Fostering Mental-Model Thinking During Design
Alyse Hachey; Lisa Tsuei; John Black
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 636–642
To investigate the use of mental-model reasoning about mechanisms in design, we had 12-13 year old students design a Mars Colony including physical, biological and social systems. Unlike previous research, we did not find significant gender...
Topics: Physical Environments, Students
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What Pedagogy for the Age of Abundant Information? Lessons from "Archaeotype"
Evangelia V. Dimaraki; John B. Black; Mary K. Brown
Educational Media International Vol. 35, No. 3 (1998) pp. 181–85
Describes the "Archaeotype" curriculum, a pioneering effort to apply networked multimedia to create complex, content-rich learning environments by combining a task environment with a hypermedia database in a local network environment for sixth...
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Constructivist Design of Graphic Computer Simulations
John B. Black
Selected Research and Development Presentations at the 1994 National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division (1994)
Two graphic computer simulations have been prepared for teaching high school and middle school students about how business organizations and financial systems work: "Parkside," which simulates managing a hotel; and "Guestwear," which simulates...